Generics Collections TDictionary (C++)

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Description

This example shows how to handle Delphi generics from a C++ application.

To build and test this example:

  1. Create a Delphi package where you can instantiate a TDictionary:
    1. Create a new Delphi package, and save it as "DelphiPackage".
    2. Add a new Delphi unit to your package, and save this unit as "DelphiUnit".
  2. Create a C++ console application to load and show your Delphi resource string:
    1. On the Projects Window, right-click your project group and select Add New Project.
    2. On the New Items dialog box, select C++Builder Projects on the tree view and, on the list of C++Builder projects, select Console Application and click OK.
    3. On the New Console Application dialog box that opens, click OK to use the default C++ console application settings.
    4. Save your main C++ file as "main.cpp", your precompiled header file as "CppApplicationPCH.h", and your project as "CppApplication".
    5. Select Project > Options > C++ Linker and enable the "Link with the Delphi Runtime Library" option.

Code

Copy the following code in your DelphiUnit.pas file: 

unit DelphiUnit;

interface

uses
  System.Generics.Collections;

type
  TCity = class
    Country: String;
    Latitude: Double;
    Longitude: Double;
  end;

  // You cannot use TDictionary<String, TCity> in C++ unless you first
  // instantiate it in Delphi as follows:
  CityDictionary = class(TDictionary<String, TCity>)
  end;

implementation

end.

Then right-click your DelphiPackage project on the Project Manager and select Build.

Add the generated Delphi package library file to your C++ console application:

  1. Right-click your CppApplication project on the Project Manager and select Add.
  2. On the dialog box that opens, select the DelphiPackage.lib file that you previously built and click OK. You may find this file inside "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\22.0\Dcp".
    Note: If you cannot see the expected file, ensure that the file filter in the dialog box is "Any file (*.*)".

Copy the following code in your main.cpp file: 

#pragma hdrstop
#pragma argsused

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <tchar.h>
#else
  typedef char _TCHAR;
  #define _tmain main
#endif

#include <iostream>
#include <DelphiUnit.hpp>

const double EPSILON = 0.0000001;

 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 
{
    // Create the dictionary.
    TDictionary__2<UnicodeString, TCity*>* dictionary = new TDictionary__2<UnicodeString, TCity*>(0);
    TCity* city;

    // Add some key-value pairs to the dictionary.

    city = new TCity;
    city->Country = "Romania";
    city->Latitude = 47.16;
    city->Longitude = 27.58;
    dictionary->Add("Iasi", city);

    city = new TCity;
    city->Country = "United Kingdom";
    city->Latitude = 51.5;
    city->Longitude = -0.17;
    dictionary->Add("London", city);

    city = new TCity;
    city->Country = "Argentina";
    city->Latitude = 0;             // Wrong coordinates
    city->Longitude = 0;    // on purpose.
    dictionary->Add("Buenos Aires", city);

    // Display the current number of key-value entries.
    std::wcout << "Number of pairs in the dictionary: " << dictionary->Count << "." << std::endl;

    // Try looking up "Iasi".
    if (dictionary->TryGetValue("Iasi", city))
            std::wcout << "Iasi is located in " << city->Country
                       << " with latitude = " << city->Latitude
                       << " and longitude = " << city->Longitude
                       << "." << std::endl;
    else
        std::wcout << "Could not find Iasi in the dictionary." << std::endl;

    // Remove the "Iasi" key from the dictionary.
    dictionary->Remove("Iasi");

    // Make sure that the capacity of the dictionary is set to the number of entries.
    dictionary->TrimExcess();

    // Test if "Iasi" is a key in the dictionary.
    if (dictionary->ContainsKey("Iasi"))
        std::wcout << "The key \"Iasi\" is in the dictionary." << std::endl;
    else
        std::wcout << "The key \"Iasi\" is not in the dictionary." << std::endl;

    if (dictionary->ContainsKey("London")) {

        // Test how (United Kingdom, 51.5, -0.17) is a value in the dictionary...
        dictionary->TryGetValue("London", city);
        if (city->Country == "United Kingdom" && (city->Latitude - 51.5) < EPSILON && (city->Longitude - -0.17) < EPSILON)
            std::wcout << "The value (United Kingdom, 51.5, -0.17) is in the dictionary." << std::endl;
        else
            std::wcout << "Error: The value (United Kingdom, 51.5, -0.17) is not in the dictionary." << std::endl;

        // ...but ContainsValue returns False if passed a different instance of
        // TCity with the same data, as different instances have different references.
        city = new TCity;
        city->Country = "United Kingdom";
        city->Latitude = 51.5;
        city->Longitude = -0.17;
        if (dictionary->ContainsValue(city))
            std::wcout << "Error: A new instance of TCity with values (United Kingdom, 51.5, -0.17) matches an existing instance in the dictionary." << std::endl;
        else
            std::wcout << "A new instance of TCity with values (United Kingdom, 51.5, -0.17) does not match any existing instance in the dictionary." << std::endl;

        delete city;
    }
    else {
        std::wcout << "Error: The key \"London\" is not in the dictionary." << std::endl;
    }

    // Update the coordinates to the correct ones.
    city = new TCity;
    city->Country = "Argentina";
    city->Latitude = -34.6;
    city->Longitude = -58.45;
    dictionary->AddOrSetValue("Buenos Aires", city);

    // Generate the exception "Duplicates not allowed".
    try {
            dictionary->Add("Buenos Aires", city);
    } catch (Exception &e) {
            std::wcout << "Could not add entry. Duplicates are not allowed." << std::endl;
    }

    // Display all countries.
    std::wcout << "All countries:" << std::endl;
    DynamicArray<TCity*> cityValues = dictionary->Values->ToArray();
    const int cityCount = cityValues.get_length();
    for (int i = 0; i < cityCount; i++) {
        std::wcout << cityValues[i]->Country << std::endl;
    }

    // Iterate through all keys in the dictionary and display their coordinates.
    std::wcout << "All cities and their coordinates:" << std::endl;
    DynamicArray<UnicodeString> cityKeys = dictionary->Keys->ToArray();
    for (int i = 0; i < cityCount; i++) {
        dictionary->TryGetValue(cityKeys[i], city);
        std::wcout << cityKeys[i] << ": " << city->Latitude << ", " << city->Longitude << std::endl;
    }

    // Clear all entries in the dictionary.
    dictionary->Clear();

    // There should be no entries at this point.
    std::wcout << "Number of key-value pairs in the dictionary after cleaning: " << dictionary->Count << std::endl;

    std::cin.get();
    return 0;
}

Now you can run your C++ console application. A console should open and display the following output: 

Number of pairs in the dictionary: 3.
Iasi is located in Romania with latitude = 47.16 and longitude = 27.58.
The key "Iasi" is not in the dictionary.
The value (United Kingdom, 51.5, -0.17) is in the dictionary.
A new instance of TCity with values (United Kingdom, 51.5, -0.17) does not match
 any existing instance in the dictionary.
Could not add entry. Duplicates are not allowed.
All countries:
United Kingdom
Argentina
All cities and their coordinates:
London: 51.5, -0.17
Buenos Aires: -34.6, -58.45
Number of key-value pairs in the dictionary after cleaning: 0

Uses

See Also

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