OS (Sybase ASE Performance Analyst)
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In many scenarios, an optimally tuned database may not perform well because there are constraints imposed by the system where the database is running. These constraints may include processes competing with the database sever for resources (CPU, I/O, or Memory), a slow CPU, insufficient or slow I/O devices, and insufficient memory. The OS Statistics page of Performance Analyst lets you examine operating system metrics for the following platforms:
- AIX
- HP-UX
- Linux
- Solaris
- Unix
- Windows XP and 2000
- Note: The statistics available on the OS page depend on the operating system platform.
- Tip: If you magnify a graph to change back to the original size or minimize the size, close the OS Page and then reopen it again. Performance Analyst displays the graph in its original form and size.
In addition to a Home page, the OS category of Sybase ASE Performance Analyst includes the following tabbed pages:
Contents
- 1 Home
- 2 Key Resource Usage Pane
- 3 Disk Time
- 4 Load Average
- 5 Processor Time
- 6 Paged Memory Used
- 7 Swap Memory Used
- 8 Bottleneck Analysis Pane
- 9 Average Disk Queue Length
- 10 Interrupts/Sec
- 11 Network Output Queue Length/Network Queue Length
- 12 Page Faults/Sec
- 13 Processor Queue Length
- 14 Processor Speed
- 15 Processor
- 16 Memory Analysis Pane
- 17 Available Paged Memory
- 18 Available Physical Memory
- 19 Available Swap Memory
- 20 Total Paged Memory/Total Swap Memory
- 21 Total Physical Memory
- 22 Disk Analysis Pane
- 23 Free Disk Space
- 24 Used Disk Space
- 25 Total Disk Space
- 26 Workload Analysis Pane
- 27 Top Memory Process
- 28 Top CPU Process
- 29 Top I/O Process
- 30 Number of Logins
- 31 Number of Processes
- 32 CPU Tab
- 33 CPU Utilization
- 34 % Privileged Time
- 35 % User Time
- 36 CPU Events
- 37 Context Switches/Sec
- 38 System Calls/Sec
- 39 Load Averages
- 40 Processes Tab
- 41 I/O Tab
- 42 I/O Details
- 43 Transfer Rate
- 44 Bytes per I/O Operation
- 45 Average Disk Queue/Total Disk Queue
- 46 Disk I/O Time
- 47 Disk Transfers/Sec
- 48 Memory Tab
- 49 Paging Activity
- 50 Blocks Input/Sec
- 51 Blocks Output/Sec
- 52 Paged In
- 53 Paged Out
- 54 Pages Input/Sec
- 55 Pages Output/Sec
- 56 Memory Available
- 57 Buffer Size
- 58 Cache Size
- 59 Page Replacements
- 60 Memory Freed (Pages/sec)
- 61 Clock Algorithm Scans (Pages/sec)
- 62 Cache Efficiency
- 63 Copy Read Hits %
- 64 Data Map Hits %
- 65 MDL Read Hits %
- 66 Pin Read Hits %
- 67 Space Tab
- 68 Disk Space Free
- 69 Disk Space Detail
- 70 Device Summary
- 71 Device Detail
- 72 Network Tab
- 73 Network Details
- 74 Transmission Rate
- 75 Packets Sent/Sec
- 76 Packets Received/Sec
- 77 Transmission Rate (Bytes)
- 78 Sent (KB/Sec)
- 79 Received (KB/Sec)
- 80 Transmission Queue Length
- 81 Packet Collisions
- 82 Packet Discards
- 83 Outbound Packets Discarded
- 84 Inbound Packets Discarded
- 85 Packet Discards
- 86 Packet Errors
- 87 Outbound Packet Errors
- 88 Inbound Packet Errors
Home
The OS home page includes the following sections:
- Bottleneck Analysis Pane
- Disk Analysis Pane
- Key Resource Usage Pane
- Memory Analysis Pane
- Workload Analysis Pane
Key Resource Usage Pane
The following ratios are used on the Performance Analyst OS home page to communicate the general overall performance levels of the operating system:
- Disk Time
- Load Average
- Processor Time
- Paged Memory Used (Windows)
- Swap Memory Used (AIX, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris, Unix)
- Tip: To open the CPU tab, right-click Processor Time. To open the I/O tab, right-click Disk Time. To open the Memory tab, right-click Paged Memory Used.
Disk Time
The Disk Time statistic is the percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive/device was busy servicing read or write requests.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Key Resource Usage Pane |
Metrics |
You should avoid consistently seeing values for this statistic greater then 90%. |
Correction |
Add more disk drives and partition the files among all of the drives. |
Load Average
The Load Average statistic represents the system load averages over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Key Resource Usage Pane |
Metrics |
High load averages usually mean the system is being used heavily and the response time is correspondingly slow. |
Processor Time
The Processor Time statistic indicates the percentage of time the processor is working. This counter is a primary indicator of processor activity.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Key Resource Usage Pane |
Metrics |
If your computer seems to be running sluggishly, this statistic could be displaying a high percentage. |
Correction |
Upgrade to a processor with a larger L2 cache, a faster processor, or install an additional processor. |
Paged Memory Used
The Paged Memory Used statistic is the ratio of Commit Memory Bytes to the Commit Limit. Committed memory is where memory space has been reserved in the paging file if it needs to be written to disk. The commit limit is determined by the size of the paging file. As the paging file increases, so does the commit limit.
- Note: This statistic is available for the Windows platform.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Key Resource Usage Pane |
Metrics |
This value displays the current percentage value only and not an average. If the percentage of paged memory used is above 90%, you may be running out of memory. |
Correction |
Increase the size of page file. |
Swap Memory Used
The Swap Memory Used statistic is the percentage of swap space currently in use.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Key Resource Usage Pane |
Metrics |
If the percentage of swap memory used is above 90%, you may be running out of memory. |
Correction |
Increase the size of your swap files. |
Bottleneck Analysis Pane
The following ratios are used on the Performance Analyst OS home page to succinctly communicate the general overall performance levels of the operating system:
- Average Disk Queue Length
- Interrupts/Sec
- Network Output Queue Length/Network Queue Length
- Page Faults/Sec
- Processor Queue Length
- Processor Speed
- Processor
- Tip: To open the I/O tab, right-click any Details menu item. To open the CPU tab, right-click the Item Processor Queues Length Details menu item. To open the Network tab, right-click Network Output Queues Length.
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Average Disk Queue Length
The Average Disk Queue Length statistic is the average number of both read and write requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Bottleneck Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
This metric is useful in identifying I/O related bottlenecks. If the disk queue lengths for certain disks are consistently much higher than others, you may need to redistribute the load among available disks. If the disk queues lengths for all disks are consistently large, and you see a high amount of I/O activity, your disks may be inefficient. |
Correction |
Some things you can do if you have problems with this statistic include: Redistribute the data on the disk with the large average disk queue to other disks. Upgrade to faster disk(s). |
Interrupts/Sec
Interrupts/Sec is the average rate, in incidents per second, at which the processor received and serviced hardware interrupts. This value is an indirect indicator of the activity of devices that generate interrupts, such as the system clock, the mouse, disk drivers, data communication lines, network interface cards, and other peripheral devices. These devices normally interrupt the processor when they have completed a task or require attention. Normal thread execution is suspended. The system clock typically interrupts the processor every 10 milliseconds, creating a background of interrupt activity. This statistic shows the difference between the values observed in the last two samples, divided by the duration of the sample interval.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Bottleneck Analysis Pane Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > CPU Tab |
Metrics |
A high value indicates possible excessive hardware interrupts; justification is dependent on device activity. |
Network Output Queue Length/Network Queue Length
The Network Output Queue Length statistic is the number of threads in the processor queue.
- Note: The name of this statistic depends on the platform of the operating system.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Bottleneck Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
Unlike the disk counters, this counter shows ready threads only, not threads that are running. There is a single queue for processor time even on computers with multiple processors. Therefore, if a computer has multiple processors, you need to divide this value by the number of processors servicing the workload. A sustained processor queue of less than 10 threads per processor is normally acceptable, dependent of the workload. |
Correction |
A sustained high value in the Processor Queue Length could indicate that a processor bottleneck has developed due to threads of a process requiring more process cycles than are available. If this is the case, you should look at installing a faster (or an additional) processor. |
Page Faults/Sec
The Page Faults/Sec statistic is the overall rate faulted pages are handled by the processor. It is measured in numbers of pages faulted per second. A page fault occurs when a process requires code or data that is not in its working set. This counter includes both hard faults and soft faults.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Bottleneck Analysis Pane Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Metrics |
This counter displays the difference between the values observed in the last two samples, divided by the duration of the sample interval. |
Correction |
If the number of page faults remains consistently high, you can check with your Windows System Administrator for further investigation. Often, large numbers of page faults are not a problem so long as they are soft faults. However, hard faults, that require disk access, can cause delays. |
Processor Queue Length
The Processor Queue Length statistic is the number of threads in the processor queue.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Bottleneck Analysis Pane Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > CPU Tab |
Metrics |
Unlike the disk counters, this counter shows ready threads only, not threads that are running. There is a single queue for processor time even on computers with multiple processors. Therefore, if a computer has multiple processors, you need to divide this value by the number of processors servicing the workload. A sustained processor queue of less than 10 threads per processor is normally acceptable, dependent of the workload. |
Correction |
A sustained high value in the Processor Queue Length could indicate that a processor bottleneck has developed due to threads of a process requiring more process cycles than are available. If this is the case, you should look at installing a faster (or an additional) processor. |
Processor Speed
The Processor Speed statistic displays the speed of the active processor in MHz. The speed is approximate.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Bottleneck Analysis Pane |
Processor
The Processor Statistic displays the type of processor currently in use, for example, GenuineIntel.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Bottleneck Analysis Pane |
Memory Analysis Pane
The following metrics are used on the Performance Analyst OS home page to succinctly communicate the general overall performance levels of the operating system:
- Available Paged Memory (Windows)
- Available Swap Memory
- Available Swap Memory(AIX, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris, Unix)
- Used Disk Space
- Total Physical Memory
- Tip: To open the Memory tab, right-click any Details menu item.
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Available Paged Memory
The Available Paged Memory statistic shows the amount of virtual memory available for the processes.
- Note: This statistic is available for the Windows platform.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Memory Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
If the available virtual memory is less than 10% of the total virtual memory, your system may run out of memory. |
Correction |
Increase the size of page file. |
Available Physical Memory
The Available Physical Memory statistic represents the amount of RAM available to all processes.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Memory Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
This counter displays the last observed value only and not an average. Use this value with the Total physical memory and paging metrics (Memory details page). If the available physical memory is very small compared to this value, and the paging activity is high, your system may be running low on memory. |
Correction |
Some things you can do if you have problems with this statistic include: Check the running processes to see if there are any memory leaks. Stop any services that are not required. Install additional RAM. |
Available Swap Memory
The Available Swap Memory statistic represents the amount of virtual memory available for the processes.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Memory Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
If the available Available Swap Memory is less than 10% of the total Swap Memory, your system may run out of memory. |
Correction |
Increase the size of swap files. |
Total Paged Memory/Total Swap Memory
The Total Paged Memory statistic shows the maximum amount of virtual memory available to all processes.
- Note: The name of this statistic depends on the platform of the operating system.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Memory Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
It is recommended that this be 1½ - 3 times the amount of RAM on the system. |
Total Physical Memory
The Total Physical Memory statistic shows the amount of physical memory installed on your computer.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Memory Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
This is an informational metric and displays the total amount installed on the machine. Use this value with the available physical memory and paging metrics (Memory details page). If the available physical memory is very small compared to this value, and the paging activity is high, your system may be running low on memory. |
Disk Analysis Pane
The following ratios are used on the Performance Analyst OS home page to succinctly communicate the general overall performance levels of the operating system:
- Tip: To open the Space tab, right-click any Details menu item.
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Free Disk Space
The Free Disk Space statistic shows the unallocated space, in megabytes on all logical disk drives.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Disk Analysis Pane |
Correction |
There are many things a DBA can do to ensure that a database does not encounter a space problem due to physical space limitations, here are two: If a database currently resides on a disk that has little free space, you can add more files to the database. Of course, you should add the new files to other physical hard disks that can accommodate a growing database. You should examine hard disks with shrinking disk space to see if you can relocate or delete files to allow more free space. |
Used Disk Space
The Used Disk Space statistic shows the amount of allocated space, in megabytes on all logical disk drives.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Disk Analysis Pane |
Correction |
There are many things a DBA can do to ensure that a database does not encounter a space problem due to physical space limitations, here are two: If a database currently resides on a disk that has little free space, you can add more files to the database. Of course, you should add the new files to other physical hard disks that can accommodate a growing database. You should examine hard disks with shrinking disk space to see if you can relocate or delete files to allow more free space. |
Total Disk Space
Total Disk Space displays the total allocated and unallocated space, in megabytes on all logical disk drives.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Disk Analysis Pane |
Correction |
There are many things a DBA can do to ensure that a database does not encounter a space problem due to physical space limitations, here are two: If a database currently resides on a disk that has little free space, you can add more files to the database. Of course, you should add the new files to other physical hard disks that can accommodate a growing database. You should examine hard disks with shrinking disk space to see if you can relocate or delete files to allow more free space. |
Workload Analysis Pane
The following ratios are used on the Performance Analyst OS home page to succinctly communicate the general overall performance levels of the operating system:
- Tip: To open the Processes tab, right-click any Details menu item.
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Top Memory Process
Top Memory Process shows the current process that is consuming the most amount of memory. The information displayed is dependent on the platform of the operating system. Information displayed includes the name of the process, process ID, amount of memory consumed expressed in KB, amount of CPU expressed as a percentage, the amount of Major Page Faults, and the amount of I/O expressed in KB/sec.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Workload Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
If you are running out of memory on the system, this is a quick way to identify the top memory user. If the displayed process is using a significant portion of the total memory, it could be causing the memory issues. |
Top CPU Process
Top CPU Process shows the current process that is consuming the most amount of CPU. The information displayed is dependent on the platform of the operating system. Information displayed includes the name of the process, process ID, amount of memory consumed expressed in KB, amount of CPU expressed as a percentage, the amount of Major Page Faults, and the amount of I/O expressed in KB/sec.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Workload Analysis Pane |
Metrics |
If the amount of CPU time used by this process is close to 100% and the CPU usage is very high, this process may be the bottleneck on the server. |
Correction |
Investigate the process further to see if it is in an inconsistent state. Also, look at minimum requirements for CPU speed for the process. You may need to upgrade your CPU. |
Top I/O Process
The Top I/O Process statistic shows the current process that is consuming the most amount of CPU. The information displayed is dependent on the platform of the operating system. Information displayed includes the name of the process, process ID, amount of memory consumed expressed in KB, amount of CPU expressed as a percentage, the amount of Major Page Faults, and the amount of I/O expressed in KB/sec.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Workload Analysis Pane |
Number of Logins
This statistic displays the total number of logins on the server.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Workload Analysis Pane |
Number of Processes
This statistic displays the total number of processes on the server.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Home > Workload Analysis Pane |
CPU Tab
The CPU tab of the OS Detail includes the following sections:
The following statistics, available on this tab, are duplicates of statistics available on the Bottleneck Analysis Pane of the OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) Home page:
- Note: The sections available on this tab depend on the platform of operating system.
CPU Utilization
The CPU Utilization section includes the following information:
% Privileged Time
The % Privileged Time statistic is the percentage of elapsed time that the process threads spent executing code in privileged mode.
- Note: For Windows systems, when a Windows system service is called, the service will often run in privileged mode to gain access to system-private data. Such data is protected from access by threads executing in user mode. Calls to the system can be explicit or implicit, such as page faults or interrupts. These kernel commands, are considered privileged to keep the low-level commands executing and prevent a system freeze. Unlike some early operating systems, Windows uses process boundaries for subsystem protection in addition to the traditional protection of user and privileged modes. Some work done by Windows on behalf of the application might appear in other subsystem processes in addition to the privileged time in the process.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > CPU Tab |
Metrics |
The ideal range should be 0-40% (less than 40% indicates excessive system activity). |
Correction |
If your CPU consistently runs at less than 40% you may need to upgrade your system to include a faster processor(s). |
% User Time
The % User Time statistic is the percentage of elapsed time the processor spends in the user mode. User mode is a restricted processing mode designed for applications, environment subsystems, and integral subsystems. The alternative, privileged mode, is designed for operating system components and allows direct access to hardware and all memory. The operating system switches application threads to privileged mode to access operating system services. This counter displays the average busy time as a percentage of the sample time.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > CPU Tab |
Metrics |
If the Privileged Time is high in conjunction with Physical Disk Reads, consider upgrading the disk I/O subsystem. |
CPU Events
The CPU Events section includes the following information:
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Context Switches/Sec
The Context Switches/Sec section shows the combined rate at which all processors on the computer are switched from one thread to another. Context switches occur when a running thread voluntarily relinquishes the processor, is preempted by a higher priority ready thread, or switches between user-mode and privileged (kernel) mode to use an Executive or subsystem service.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > CPU Tab |
Metrics |
The ideal range should be between 0-10,000. GA number greater then 10,000 may indicate too many threads contending for resources. |
System Calls/Sec
System calls are functions which require the services of the operating system. Usually they involve access to some data that users must not be permitted to corrupt or even change.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > CPU Tab |
Correction |
Try to find a good ratio between the amount of time the operating system runs (fulfilling system calls and doing process scheduling), and the amount of time the application runs. Your goal should be running 60% to 75% of the time in application mode, and 25% to 40% of the time in operating system mode. If you find that the system is spending 50% of its time in each mode, then you should investigate to determine what is wrong. |
Load Averages
The Load Average statistic represents the system load averages over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > CPU Tab |
Metrics |
High load averages usually mean that the system is being used heavily and the response time is correspondingly slow. |
Processes Tab
The Processes tab of the OS Detail page succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of processes. The columns available in this table depend on the platform of operating system. The table below describes the information available in the table on this tab:
Column | Description |
---|---|
Process |
The name of the process. |
User |
The user of the process. |
ID |
The ID Process is the unique identifier of this process. ID Process numbers are reused, so they only identify a process for the lifetime of that process. |
CPU |
The CPU is the percentage of elapsed time that all of process threads used the processor to execution instructions. |
User Mode |
The User Mode is the percentage of elapsed time that the process threads spent executing code in user mode. |
Memory WINDOWS ONLY |
Memory is the current size, in bytes, of the virtual address space the process is using. Use of virtual address space does not necessarily imply corresponding use of either disk or main memory pages. Virtual space is finite, and the process can limit its ability to load libraries. |
Memory (MB) |
Memory is the current size, in bytes, of the virtual address space the process is using. Use of virtual address space does not necessarily imply corresponding use of either disk or main memory pages. Virtual space is finite, and the process can limit its ability to load libraries. |
Memory |
Memory is the percentage of the memory used of the total memory. |
Active Memory |
Active Memory is the amount of committed virtual memory, in bytes for this process. Active memory is the physical memory which has space reserved on the disk paging file(s). There can be one or more paging files on each physical drive. This counter displays the last observed value only; it is not an average. |
I/O Data |
The rate at which the process is reading and writing bytes in I/O operations. This counter counts all I/O activity generated by the process to include file, network and device I/Os. |
Elapsed Time |
The total elapsed time, in seconds, that this process has been running. |
Thread Count |
The number of threads currently active in this process. An instruction is the basic unit of execution in a processor, and a thread is the object that executes instructions. Every running process has at least one thread. |
Handle Count |
The total number of handles currently open by this process. This number is equal to the sum of the handles currently open by each thread in this process. |
Priority |
The current base priority of this process. Threads within a process can raise and lower their own base priority relative to the process' base priority. |
Creating Proc ID |
The Creating Process ID value is the Process ID of the process that created the process. The creating process may have terminated, so this value may no longer identify a running process. |
Page Faults/Sec |
Page Faults/Sec is the rate at which page faults by the threads executing in this process are occurring. A page fault occurs when a thread refers to a virtual memory page that is not in its working set in main memory. This may not cause the page to be fetched from disk if it is on the standby list and hence already in main memory, or if it is in use by another process with whom the page is shared. |
Page File |
Page File is the current number of kilobytes that this process has used in the paging file(s). Paging files are used to store pages of memory used by the process that are not contained in other files. Paging files are shared by all processes, and the lack of space in paging files can prevent other processes from allocating memory. |
Private |
Private is the current size, in kilobytes, of memory that this process has allocated that cannot be shared with other processes. |
I/O Tab
The I/O tab includes the following sections:
- Average Disk Queue/Total Disk Queue
- Bytes per I/O Operation
- Disk I/O Time
- Disk Transfers/Sec
- I/O Details
- Transfer Rate
- Note: The sections available on this tab depend on the platform of operating system.
I/O Details
The table below describes the information available in this section:
Column | Description |
---|---|
Disk |
The disk number assignment. |
Reading (KB/s) |
The amount of bytes read from the device. |
Writing (KB/s) |
The amount of bytes written to the device. |
Disk Read Time |
Disk Read Time is the percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive was busy servicing read requests. |
Disk Write Time |
Disk Write Time is the percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive was busy servicing write requests. |
Disk Time |
Disk Time is the percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk was busy servicing requests. |
Avg. Read Queue |
Avg. Disk Read Queue Length is the average number of read requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval. |
Avg. Write Queue |
Avg. Disk Write Queue Length is the average number of write requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval. |
Disk Reads/Sec |
Disk Reads/Sec is the rate of read operations on the disk. |
Disk Writes/Sec |
Disk Writes/Sec is the rate of write operations on the disk. |
- Note: The columns available in this table depend on the platform of operating system.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > I/O Tab |
Transfer Rate
The Transfer Rate section succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server's I/O. The table below describes the statistics in this section:
Statistic | Description | Metrics |
---|---|---|
Reading |
The average number of bytes transferred from the disk during read operations. |
It is measured in number of KBs per second. |
Writing |
The average number of bytes transferred to the disk during write operations. |
It is measured in number of KBs per second. |
Transferred |
The amount of time required to transfer the data between the device's cache and the actual device media. |
N/A |
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > I/O Tab |
Bytes per I/O Operation
The Bytes per I/O Operation section of the OS Detail succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server's I/O. The table below describes the statistics in this section:
Statistic | Description | Metrics |
---|---|---|
Reading |
The average number of bytes transferred from the disk during read operations. |
It is measured in number of bytes per second. |
Writing |
The average number of bytes transferred to the disk during write operations. |
It is measured in number of bytes per second. |
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > I/O Tab |
Average Disk Queue/Total Disk Queue
The Average Disk Queue section of the OS Detail page succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server's I/O. The table below describes the statistics in this section:
Statistic | Description | Information |
---|---|---|
Average Read Queue |
Average Read Queue Length is the average number of read requests that were queued for a particular disk. |
Sustained loads on any of the disk queue lengths could represent problems within your system. |
Average Write Queue |
Average Write Queue is the average number of write requests that were queued for a particular disk. |
Sustained loads on any of the disk queue lengths could represent problems within your system. Contact your Windows System Administrator for assistance in Correction these problems. |
Average Queue |
Average time in ms. to service I/O requests which for disks includes seek, rotational latency and data transfer time). |
Sustained loads on any of the disk queue lengths could represent problems within your system. Contact your Unix System Administrator for assistance in Correction these problems. |
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > I/O Tab |
Correction |
Contact your Windows System Administrator for assistance in Correction these problems. |
Disk I/O Time
The Disk I/O Time section of the OS Detail page succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the disk’s I/O. The table below describes the statistics in this section:
Statistic | Description | Metrics |
---|---|---|
% Disk Read Time |
% Disk Read Time is the percentage of time during the sample interval that the disk is busy servicing read requests. |
Use this in conjunction with the % Disk Write Time to identify the disks that may be running at capacity and may require upgrades. This metric may also be used to balance the load between under/over utilized disks. |
% Disk Write Time |
% Disk Write Time is the percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive was busy servicing write requests. |
Use this in conjunction with the % Disk Read Time to identify the disks that may be running at capacity and may require upgrades. This metric may also be used to balance the load between under/over utilized disks. |
% Disk Time |
% Disk Time is the percentage of time during the sample interval that the disk is busy servicing requests. |
Use this statistic to identify the disks that may be running at capacity and may require upgrades. This metric may also be used to balance the load between under/over utilized disks. |
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > I/O Tab |
Disk Transfers/Sec
The Disk Transfers/Sec section of the OS Detail page succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the disk transfers. The table below describes the statistics in this section
Statistic | Description |
---|---|
Reads/Sec |
The the rate of read operations on the disk. |
Writes/Sec |
The rate of write operations on the disk. |
Transfers/Sec |
The rate of transfer operations per second. |
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > I/O Tab |
Memory Tab
The Memory tab of the OS Detail page includes the following sections:
The following statistic, available on this tab, duplicates a statistic available on the Bottleneck Analysis Pane of the OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) Home page:
- Note: The sections available on this tab depend on the platform of operating system.
Paging Activity
The Paging Activity section includes the following statistics:
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Blocks Input/Sec
The Blocks Input/sec statistic is the number of blocks sent to a block device per second.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Correction |
Although it never hurts to have as much physical memory as your system can handle, here are two things you can check within your system to alleviate the memory bottleneck: Check to see if you have any drivers or protocols that are running but not being used. They use space in all memory pools even if they are idle. Check to see if you have additional space on your disk drive that you could use to expand the size of your swap file. Normally, the bigger the initial size of your swap file, the better, in performance terms. |
Blocks Output/Sec
The Blocks Output/sec statistic is the number of blocks received from a block device per second).
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Correction |
Although it never hurts to have as much physical memory as your system can handle, here are two things you can check within your system to alleviate the memory bottleneck. Check to see if you have any drivers or protocols that are running but not being used. They use space in all memory pools even if they are idle. Check to see if you have additional space on your disk drive that you could use to expand the size of your swap file. Normally, the bigger the initial size of your swap file, the better, in performance terms. |
Paged In
The number of disk block paged into core from disk which occurs when the server is experiencing a shortage of RAM. Any nonzero value indicates excessive swap activity. In any virtual memory environment, it is not uncommon to see RAM pages moved out to a swap disk. This is a special disk area in UNIX that's reserved for holding memory pages so that the processor is capable of addressing RAM in excess of its full capability. While page-out of operations are a normal part of any server's operations, page-in operations indicate that the real amount of available RAM has been exceeded and that additional RAM pages are required on the server.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Correction |
High values indicate the possible need to increase the amount of RAM on the system. |
Paged Out
The number of disk block paged out of core from disk. In any virtual memory environment, it is not uncommon to see RAM pages moved out to a swap disk. This is a special disk area in UNIX that's reserved for holding memory pages so that the processor is capable of addressing RAM in excess of its full capability. While page-out of operations are a normal part of any server's operations, page-in operations indicate that the real amount of available RAM has been exceeded and that additional RAM pages are required on the server.
Pages Input/Sec
The Pages Input/Sec statistic is the number of pages read from disk to resolve hard page faults. Hard page faults occur when a process requires code or data that is not in its working set or elsewhere in physical memory, and must be retrieved from disk.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Metrics |
This value was designed as a primary indicator of the kinds of faults that cause system-wide delays. It includes pages retrieved to satisfy faults in the file system cache (usually requested by applications) and in non-cached mapped memory files. This counter counts numbers of pages, and can be compared to other counts of pages, such as Memory: Page Faults/sec, without conversion. This counter displays the difference between the values observed in the last two samples, divided by the duration of the sample interval. |
Correction |
Although it never hurts to have as much physical memory as your system can handle, there are some things you can check within your system to alleviate the memory bottleneck. Check to see if you have any drivers or protocols that are running but not being used. They use space in all memory pools even if they are idle. Check to see if you have additional space on your disk drive that you could use to expand the size of your page file. Normally, the bigger the initial size of your page file, the better, in performance terms. |
Pages Output/Sec
This metric is the number of pages written to disk to free up space in physical memory. Pages are written back to disk only if they are changed in physical memory. A high rate of pages output might indicate a memory shortage.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Metrics |
Windows NT writes more pages back to disk to free up space when low in physical memory. This counter counts numbers of pages, and can be compared to other counts of pages, without conversion. This counter displays the difference between the values observed in the last two samples, divided by the duration of the sample interval. |
Correction |
Although it never hurts to have as much physical memory as your system can handle, there are some things you can check within your system to alleviate the memory bottleneck. Check to see if you have any drivers or protocols that are running but not being used. They use space in all memory pools even if they are idle. Check to see if you have additional space on your disk drive that you could use to expand the size of your page file. Normally, the bigger the initial size of your page file, the better, in performance terms. |
Memory Available
The Memory Available section of the OS Detail page succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server's memory. The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system. The table below describes these statistics:
Statistic | Description | Metrics | Correction |
---|---|---|---|
Physical Memory |
The Physical Memory statistic is the amount of committed virtual memory, in megabytes. Committed memory is where memory space has been reserved in the paging file if it needs to be written to disk. |
This counter displays the last observed value only and not an average. |
N/A |
Physical |
The Physical statistic is the total physical memory available. |
N/A |
N/A |
Paged Memory |
The Paged Memory statistic is the amount of committed virtual memory, in bytes. Used Memory is the physical memory which has space reserved on the disk paging file(s). There can be one or more paging files on each physical drive. |
This counter displays the last observed value only; it is not an average. |
N/A |
Swap Memory |
The Swap Memory statistic is the free, unreserved swap space. |
N/A |
Increase the size of your swap file or add additional files if you consistently see a shortage of free, unreserved swap space. |
Swap |
The Swap statistic is the total swap memory being used. |
N/A |
N/A |
Total Physical |
The Total Physical statistic is the total physical memory available. |
N/A |
N/A |
Total Swap |
The Total Swap statistic is the total swap memory available. |
N/A |
N/A |
Swap-ins |
The number of memory pages paged in from swapspace. |
N/A |
If the system is consistently low on free memory (over a 30 second average), the memory scheduler will start to swap out processes. Increase the size of your swap file or add additional files. |
Swap-outs |
The number of memory pages paged in from swapspace. |
N/A |
If the system is consistently low on free memory (over a 30 second average), the memory scheduler will start to swap out processes. Increase the size of your swap file or add additional files. |
Buffers |
The Buffers statistic represents the amount of buffers used by the kernel in kilobytes. |
N/A |
N/A |
Page Faults/Sec |
The Page Faults/Sec statistic is the overall rate faulted pages are handled by the processor. It is measured in numbers of pages faulted per second. A page fault occurs when a process requires code or data that is not in its working set. This counter includes both hard faults and soft faults. |
This counter displays the difference between the values observed in the last two samples, divided by the duration of the sample interval. |
If the number of page faults remains consistently high, you can check with your Windows System Administrator for further investigation. Often, large numbers of page faults are not a problem so long as they are soft faults. However, hard faults, that require disk access, can cause delays. |
Buffer Size
The Buffer Size statistic represents the amount of cache used by the kernel in kilobytes.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Cache Size
The Cache Size statistic represents the amount of cache used by the kernel in kilobytes.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Page Replacements
The following statistics are available in this section:
Memory Freed (Pages/sec)
Freed or destroyed (Kb/s).
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Clock Algorithm Scans (Pages/sec)
The VMM uses a technique known as the clock algorithm to select pages to be replaced. This technique takes advantage of a referenced bit for each page as an indication of what pages have been recently used (referenced). When the page-stealer routine is called, it cycles through the PFT, examining each page's referenced bit.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Cache Efficiency
The Cache Efficiency section of the Memory tab succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server's memory. The following statistics are available in this section:
Copy Read Hits %
The Copy Read Hits % statistic is the percentage of cache copy read requests that hit the cache and does not require a disk read to provide access to the page in the cache.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Metrics |
When the page is pinned in the memory, the page's physical address in the file system cache will not be altered. A copy read is a file read operation where a page in the cache is copied to the application's buffer. Because this value reflects hits, it ideally should be close to 100%. An amount below 100% indicates misses. |
Correction |
Adding physical memory to a server results in a larger file system cache, which is generally more efficient. Defragmenting disks also helps, putting related pages in the cache together and thereby improving the cache hit rate |
Data Map Hits %
The Data Map Hits % statistic is the percentage of data maps in the file system cache that could be resolved without having to retrieve a page from the disk.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Metrics |
Because this value reflects hits, it ideally should be close to 100%. An amount below 100% indicates misses. |
Correction |
Adding physical memory to a server results in a larger file system cache, which is generally more efficient. Defragmenting disks also helps, putting related pages in the cache together and thereby improving the cache hit rate. |
MDL Read Hits %
The MDL Read Hits % statistic is the percentage of Memory Descriptor List Read requests to the file system cache that hit the cache and does not require disk access to provide memory access to the pages in the cache.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Metrics |
Because this value reflects hits, it ideally should be close to 100%. An amount below 100% indicates misses. |
Correction |
Adding physical memory to a server results in a larger file system cache, which is generally more efficient. Defragmenting disks also helps, putting related pages in the cache together and thereby improving the cache hit rate. |
Pin Read Hits %
The Pin Read Hits % statistic is the percentage of pin read requests that hit the file system cache and does not require a disk read in order to provide access to the page in the file system cache.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Memory Tab |
Metrics |
Because this value reflects hits, it ideally should be close to 100%. An amount below 100% indicates misses. |
Correction
Adding physical memory to a server results in a larger file system cache, which is generally more efficient. Defragmenting disks also helps, putting related pages in the cache together and thereby improving the cache hit rate.
Space Tab
The Space tab of the OS Detail page includes the following sections:
Disk Space Free
The Disk Space Free metric displays the amount of free disk space in megabytes.
Disk Space Detail
The Disk Space Detail section of the Space tab succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server’s disks and space allotment. The table below describes the statistics in this section:
Statistic | Description |
---|---|
Partition |
The drive letter of the disk. |
Local Filesystem |
The name of the file system. |
Type |
The type of file system. |
Total Space |
Total size of the disk/device's capacity expressed in MBs. |
Used Space |
Amount of MBs currently allocated on the particular disk/device. |
Free Space |
Amount of MBs currently unallocated and free on the particular disk/device. |
Capacity |
The percentage of space used on the device. |
Mounted On |
The mount point of the device. |
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Space Tab |
Device Summary
The Device Summary section of the Space tab displays a bar chart for all devices. The Device Summary section succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server's disks and space allotment. The table below describes the statistics in this section:
Statistic | Description |
---|---|
Used |
Amount of MBs currently allocated on the particular disk/device. |
Free |
Amount of MBs currently unallocated and free on the particular disk/device. |
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Space Tab |
Device Detail
The Device Detail section of the Space tab succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server's disks and space allotment. The table below describes the statistics in this section:
Statistic | Description |
---|---|
Partition |
The drive letter of the disk. |
Local Filesystem |
The name of the file system. |
Type |
The type of file system. |
Total Space |
Total size of the disk/device's capacity expressed in MBs. |
Used Space |
Amount of MBs currently allocated on the particular disk/device. |
Free Space |
Amount of MBs currently unallocated and free on the particular disk/device. |
Capacity |
The percentage of space used on the device. |
Mounted On |
The mount point of the device. |
- Note: The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Space Tab |
Network Tab
The Network tab of the OS Detail page succinctly communicates the general overall performance levels of the server's networking. The Network tab of the OS Detail page includes the following sections:
- Network Details
- Packet Collisions
- Packet Discards
- Packet Errors
- Transmission Rate
- Transmission Rate (Bytes)
- Transmission Queue Length
- Note: The sections available on this tab depend on the platform of operating system.
Network Details
The statistics available in this section depend on the platform of operating system. The table below describes the information available in this section:
Column | Description |
---|---|
Network Interface |
The name of network interface. |
INET Address/Address |
The IP address assigned to the network interface. |
Pkts Sent/Sec |
The number of packets sent per second. |
Pkts Received/Sec |
The number of packets received per second. |
Sent (KB/Sec) |
The number of bytes sent per second. |
Received (KB/Sec) |
The number of bytes received per second. |
Out Pkts Discarded |
The number of outbound packets discarded. |
In Pkts Discarded |
The number of inbound packets discarded. |
Out Pkt Errors |
The number of outbound packet errors. |
In Pkt Errors |
The number of inbound packet errors. |
Queue Length |
The queue length. |
Collisions |
The number of collisions. |
Packets Discarded |
The number of packets discarded. |
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Transmission Rate
The Transmission Rate section of the Network tab succinctly communicates the packet transmission rate. The following statistics are available in this section:
Packets Sent/Sec
The Packets Sent/Sec statistic is the number of packets sent over each network adapter per second.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Packets Received/Sec
The Packets Received/Sec statistic is the number of packets received over each network adapter per second.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Transmission Rate (Bytes)
The Transmission Rate (Bytes) section of the Network tab succinctly communicates the packet transmission rate. The following statistics are available in this section:
Sent (KB/Sec)
The Sent (KB/Sec) statistic is the rate at which bytes are sent over each network adapter including framing characters.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Received (KB/Sec)
The Received (KB/Sec) statistic is the rate at which bytes are received over each network adapter, including framing characters.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Transmission Queue Length
The number of pending outgoing packets on either the software transmit queue or the hardware transmit queue
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Packet Collisions
A collision occurs when two devices on the network sense that the network is idle and end up trying to send data at the same time. Some collisions are normal on a repeated network, but excess collisions can cause serious performance problems.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Correction |
Contact your network administrator if there is high rate of persistent Packet Collisions. |
Packet Discards
The Packet Discards section of the Network tab succinctly communicates the packet discard rate. The following statistics are available in this section:
Outbound Packets Discarded
The Outbound Packets Discarded statistic is the number of outbound packets that were discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent from being transmitted.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Correction |
A possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. |
Inbound Packets Discarded
Received Packets Discarded is the number of received packets that were discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent from being transmitted.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Correction |
A possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. |
Packet Discards
The Packet Discards statistic represents the number of network packets discarded.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Correction |
Contact your network administrator if there is high rate of persistent packet discards. |
Packet Errors
The Packet Errors section of the Network tab succinctly communicates the packet error rate. The following statistics are available in this section:
Outbound Packet Errors
The Outbound Packet Errors statistic is the outbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |
Inbound Packet Errors
The Packets Received Errors statistic is the received packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol.
Location |
Sybase ASE Performance Analyst Statistics > OS (DBArtisan - Sybase ASE Performance Analyst) > Network Tab |