printf Format String
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The format string, present in each of the printf function calls, controls how each function will convert, format, and print its arguments.
Note: There must be enough arguments for the format; if not, the results will be unpredictable and possibly disastrous. Excess arguments (more than required by the format) are ignored.
The format string is a character string that contains two types of objects:
- Plain characters are copied verbatim to the output stream.
- Conversion specifications fetch arguments from the argument list and apply formatting to them.