VCLButtons(C++)

From RAD Studio Code Examples

Description

This example demonstrates how to use a TButtonGroup. This example requires the following components:

The form should look like in the following image.

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After running the project and pressing the button, the form should look like in the following image.

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The user can press different buttons from the button group, setting their caption to X. The computer automatically places a 0 caption on an empty button, chosen randomly.

If a column, line, or diagonal is marked the same, a ShowMessage box appears, announcing the winner.

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Code

//C++

//procedures and variables declaration
int Random_var;//generate a random number from 0 through 9
int GameMatrix[3][3];//set to be -10 for an empty position, 0 for the 0-player, 1 for the X-player
int Score;//used for verifying whether the game is over (equals 3 if the X-player wins, 0 if the 0-player wins)

implementation

void Validate() {
	int I, J;
	// verify the lines
	for (I = 0; I < 3; I++) {
		Score = 0;
		for (J = 0; J < 3; J++)
			Score += GameMatrix[I][J];
		if ((Score == 3) || (Score == 0))
			return;
	}
	// verify the main diagonal
	Score = 0;
	for (I = 0; I < 3; I++)
		Score += GameMatrix[I][I];
	if ((Score == 3) || (Score == 0))
		return;
	// verify the secondary diagonal
	Score = 0;
	for (I = 0; I < 3; I++)
		Score += GameMatrix[I][2 - I];
	if ((Score == 3) || (Score == 0))
		return;
	// verify the columns
	for (I = 0; I < 3; I++) {
		Score = 0;
		for (J = 0; J < 3; J++)
			Score += GameMatrix[J][I];
		if ((Score == 3) || (Score == 0))
			return;
	}
}

void StartGame() {
	int I, J;
	// show the button group and all the buttons' captions to an empty string
	Form1->ButtonGroup1->Visible = True;
	for (I = 0; I < 9; I++)
		Form1->ButtonGroup1->Items->Items[I]->Caption = "";
	// fill the game matrix with negative values, to help calculating the score
	for (I = 0; I < 3; I++)
		for (J = 0; J < 3; J++)
			GameMatrix[I][J] = -10;
}

void FillMatrix(int Pos, int I) {
	// set a specific item of the matrix to be the value given through the parameter
	switch (Pos) {
	case 0:
		GameMatrix[0][0] = I;
		break;
	case 1:
		GameMatrix[0][1] = I;
		break;
	case 2:
		GameMatrix[0][2] = I;
		break;
	case 3:
		GameMatrix[1][0] = I;
		break;
	case 4:
		GameMatrix[1][1] = I;
		break;
	case 5:
		GameMatrix[1][2] = I;
		break;
	case 6:
		GameMatrix[2][0] = I;
		break;
	case 7:
		GameMatrix[2][1] = I;
		break;
	case 8:
		GameMatrix[2][2] = I;
		break;
	default: ;
	}
}

void Complete() {
	int I;
	// when the user presses a button and sets its caption to 'X', randomly find an
	// unused button and set its caption to '0'
	for (I = 1; I <= 9; I++) {
		Random_var = Random(9);
		if (Form1->ButtonGroup1->Items->Items[Random_var]->Caption == "") {
			Form1->ButtonGroup1->Items->Items[Random_var]->Caption = "0";
			FillMatrix(Random_var, 0);
			break;
		}
	}
}

void __fastcall TForm1::FormCreate(TObject *Sender) {
	// initialize the properties of the button group and other visual objects
	Form1->Caption = "Tic Tac Toe";
	ButtonGroup1->ButtonHeight = 50;
	ButtonGroup1->ButtonWidth = 50;
	ButtonGroup1->Height = 170;
	ButtonGroup1->Width = 170;
	ButtonGroup1->Visible = False;
	ButtonGroup1->BorderStyle = bsNone;
	ButtonGroup1->Font->Size = ButtonGroup1->ButtonHeight - 10;
	Button1->Align = alBottom;
	Button1->Caption = "START GAME";
}

//OnClick event handler for TButton
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender) {
	int I, J;
	ButtonGroup1->Align = alTop;
	ButtonGroup1->Width = Form1->Width - 10;
	ButtonGroup1->ButtonWidth = ButtonGroup1->Width / 3;
	ButtonGroup1->Height = ButtonGroup1->Width;
	ButtonGroup1->ButtonHeight = ButtonGroup1->Height / 3;
	ButtonGroup1->Enabled = True;
	StartGame();
}

//OnClick event handler for a button group item (TGrpButtonItems)
void __fastcall TForm1::ButtonGroup1Items0Click(TObject *Sender) {
	// when the user presses a button, set its caption to 'X', complete the GameMatrix,
	// verify if the game is over, set another button's caption to '0'
	if (ButtonGroup1->Items->Items[0]->Caption == "") {
		ButtonGroup1->Items->Items[0]->Caption = "X";
		GameMatrix[0][0] = 1;
		Validate();
		if (Score == 3) {
			ShowMessage("X WINS!");
			ButtonGroup1->Enabled = False;
		}
		else {
			Complete();
			Validate();
			if (Score == 0) {
				ShowMessage("0 WINS!");
				ButtonGroup1->Enabled = False;
			}
		}
	}
}

//[...]
//rewrite the previous procedure for all the other 8 button group items

Uses

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